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An assessment of the potential health benefits of realizing the goals for PM

Guoxia MA,Jinnan WANG,Fang YU,Yanshen ZHANG,Dong CAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 288-298 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0738-x

摘要： As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated (GB3095-2012), which set a stricter grade II PM standard. A successful implementation of this standard will have an impact on human health through reduction of exposure to air pollution in the population. Using the methods of adjusted human capital and value of statistical life, the authors in this article estimate the economic impact of a successful implementation of the updated on human health in China. The key results are: 1) The human health benefits from reaching the updated standard for PM would equal CNY 51.1 billion using adjusted human capital, accounting for 18.5% of total human health costs in China, and CNY 83.5 billion using the value of a statistical life; 2) the benefit of reaching the updated standard for PM is highest in the east coastal areas and gradually declines for more Western provinces; and 3) the marginal benefit of public health increases as the environmental quality standard PM improves. If the annual concentration of PM were to be reduced from the target number in the original grade II standard to that in the updated standard, the mortality rate of long-term exposure would be reduced by 6.5% due to reduced chronic exposure. In addition, if the annual concentration were to be reduced further from updated grade II to grade I standard, the mortality rate for long-term exposure would be lowered by 32.8%.

关键词： air quality     health benefit     Ambient Air Quality Standard     PM10     China    

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Development of an integrated policy making tool for assessing air quality and human health benefits of

Xuezhen QIU,Yun ZHU,Carey JANG,Che-Jen LIN,Shuxiao WANG,Joshua FU,Junping XIE,Jiandong WANG,Dian DING,Shicheng LONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第6期   页码 1056-1065 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0796-8

摘要： Efficient air quality management is critical to protect public health from the adverse impacts of air pollution. To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution control strategies, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has developed the Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition (SMAT-CE) to assess the air quality attainment of emission reductions, and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) to evaluate the health and economic benefits of air quality improvement respectively. Since scientific decision-making requires timely and coherent information, developing the linkage between SMAT-CE and BenMAP-CE into an integrated assessment platform is desirable. To address this need, a new module linking SMAT-CE to BenMAP-CE has been developed and tested. The new module streamlines the assessment of air quality and human health benefits for a proposed air pollution control strategy. It also implements an optimized data gridding algorithm which significantly enhances the computational efficiency without compromising accuracy. The performance of the integrated software package is demonstrated through a case study that evaluates the air quality and associated economic benefits of a national-level control strategy of PM . The results of the case study show that the proposed emission reduction reduces the number of nonattainment sites from 379 to 25 based on the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards, leading to more than US$334 billion of economic benefits annually from improved public health. The integration of the science-based software tools in this study enhances the efficiency of developing effective and optimized emission control strategies for policy makers.

关键词： air quality assessment     human health benefit     economic benefit     air quality attainment assessment     air pollution control strategy     decision support system    

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The impacts of economic restructuring and technology upgrade on air quality and human health in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

Chao Liu, Hancheng Dai, Lin Zhang, Changchun Feng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1155-y

摘要： Impacts of industrial restructuring and upgrade on air quality & health are assessed. An integrated approach combining different models is used for the assessment. Industrial technology upgrading is more effective than economic restructuring. Ozone is much more difficult to mitigate than PM2.5. In this study, we have analyzed possible policy options to improve the air quality in an industrialized region—Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (BTH) in China. A comprehensive model framework integrating GAINS-China, GEOS-Chem, and IMED/HEL is established to investigate the impacts of various policies on air pollution and health effects. The model establishes a data interface between economic input/output data and the emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants in the BTH region. Based on in-depth analyses of pollutant emission standards, industrial structure, pollution-intensive industries, and emission intensities in BTH and Pearl River Delta, several scenarios are constructed to explore the effectiveness of policy pathways in improving air quality in the BTH region. These scenarios include two categories: the category of “Industrial Technology Upgrade Policy” scenarios that focuses on reducing the emission intensity of industries vs. that of “Industrial Structure Adjustment Policy” scenarios that focuses on adjusting the proportion of industrial value-added. Our results show that the policy path of industrial technology upgrading can be effective and feasible, while economic structure adjustment shows complex and mixed effectiveness. We also find that the proposed policies and measures will be efficient to reduce pollution of primary pollutants and fine particles, but may not effectively mitigate ambient ozone pollution. Ozone pollution is projected to become increasingly severe in BTH, placing a challenge to pollution mitigation strategies that requires further adjustments to address it.

关键词： Economic restructuring     Cleaner production     Ambient air pollution     Health benefits     IMED model    

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The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 388-431 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0998-6

摘要： Metformin has been used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades due to its safety, low cost, and outstanding hypoglycemic effect clinically. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are complex and still not fully understood. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex I is the most described downstream mechanism of metformin, leading to reduced ATP production and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Meanwhile, many novel targets of metformin have been gradually discovered. In recent years, multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies are committed to extend the indications of metformin in addition to diabetes. Herein, we summarized the benefits of metformin in four types of diseases, including metabolic associated diseases, cancer, aging and age-related diseases, neurological disorders. We comprehensively discussed the pharmacokinetic properties and the mechanisms of action, treatment strategies, the clinical application, the potential risk of metformin in various diseases. This review provides a brief summary of the benefits and concerns of metformin, aiming to interest scientists to consider and explore the common and specific mechanisms and guiding for the further research. Although there have been countless studies of metformin, longitudinal research in each field is still much warranted.

关键词： metformin     metabolism     cancer     aging     neurological disorder    

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LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期   页码 48-60 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022475

摘要：

● Large farms had the highest average yield and the least yield variation.

关键词： plantations     land transfer     large-scale farming     nutrient management     soil acidification    

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Cost-benefit analysis of China’s national air pollution control plan

Jing ZHANG, Hongqiang JIANG, Wei ZHANG, Guoxia MA, Yanchao WANG, Yaling LU, Xi HU, Jia ZHOU, Fei PENG, Jun BI, Jinnan WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 524-537 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0074-8

摘要： China’s rapid economic growth has caused severe air pollution and public health problems. Therefore, the Chinese government launched the National Air Pollution Control Plan (hereinafter referred to as the “Air Plan”) in 2013–2017 to improve air quality and safeguard public health. In this study, an analytical framework for a cost-benefit analysis applicable to China was constructed, and the costs and benefits of the implementation of the “Air Plan” in 30 cities and provinces in China from 2013 to 2017 were evaluated. Results show that the total cost of implementation of the “Air Plan” is 1.6511 trillion RMB. The benefits of air quality improvement were determined to be 2.4691 trillion RMB through the willingness-to-pay method to calculate the economic loss of premature deaths. The net benefit related to the implementation of the “Air Plan” was 818 billion RMB. The public health benefit of air quality improvement was 1.5 times the cost of the nationwide implementation of the “Air Plan”. At the provincial level, net benefits that reach 279.3 billion RMB were the highest in Guangdong, whereas the benefit-cost ratio, where the benefit was 5.5 times the cost, was the highest in Fujian. Estimations in this study can serve as a reference for China in formulating similar environmental policies and implementing the “3-year Plan to Defend the Blue Sky”. In addition, these estimations have practical significance for advancing the long-term effective mechanisms of the cost-benefit analysis of China’s environmental policies.

关键词： Air Plan     cost-benefit analysis     health benefits     environmental policy    

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Three potential benefits of the EU and IMO’s landmark efforts to monitor carbon dioxide emissions from

Shuaian WANG, Lu ZHEN, Harilaos N. PSARAFTIS

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第2期   页码 310-311 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0096-2

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CHALLENGES PROVIDING MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGED SYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 170-176 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022444

摘要：

Since humans started practicing agriculture at the expense of natural forests, 8000 years ago, they have affected atmospheric CO2concentrations. Their impact on atmospheric CH4 started about 5000 years ago, as result of the cultivation of paddy rice. A challenge of modern agricultural practices is to reverse the impact cropping has had on greenhouse gas emissions and the global climate. There is an increasing demand for agriculture to provide food security as well as a range of other ecosystem services. Depending on ecosystem management, different practices may involve trade-offs and synergies, and these must be considered to work toward desirable management systems. Solution toward food security should not only focus on agricultural management practices, but also on strategies to reduce food waste, more socially-just distribution of resources, changes in lifestyle including decarbonization of the economy, as well as reducing human population growth.

关键词： crop diversification / ecosystem services / food security / sustainable cropping systems    

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Systematic literature review on smart contracts in the construction industry: Potentials, benefits, and

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 196-213 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0188-2

摘要： The development of digital transformation in the construction industry has led to the increasing adoption of smart contracts. As programmable applications to automatically write, verify, and enforce transaction conditions, smart contracts can be used in different areas mainly to improve automation level, information security, and built digital environment enhancement. However, the smart contract is commonly mentioned as a blockchain appendage, while its unique connotation and value in the construction industry have not been recognized. Therefore, this study carries out a systematic review based on 81 research articles published from 2014 to 2021 on smart contract applications in construction to explore and highlight their potentials under domain-specific requirements. Results are analyzed according to research type categorization and domain codification. Eight research domains are identified, where the three most highly explored domains are contract and payment, supply chain and logistics, and information management. The integration of smart contracts with other innovative concepts and advanced technologies is analyzed. The applicability, benefits, and challenges of smart contract applications regarding different research domains are discussed.

关键词： smart contracts     blockchain     construction industry     BIM     systematic review    

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Innovation, practical benefits and prospects for the future development of automatic milking systems

Hongzhe JIANG,Wei WANG,Chunyang LI,Wei WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 37-47 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016117

摘要： Automatic milking systems (AMS) were designed to replace existing, labor-intensive machine milking and are an area of rapid development in modern dairy farming. The popularity of AMS lies in the convenience of management, decreasing workloads and the consistency of milking compared with non-automated machine milking. Nevertheless, this innovation has not been reviewed comprehensively and the practical benefits of AMS are still unclear. This review gives a brief overview of the historical development of milking machines and the workflow process of state-of-the-art AMS. In addition, a series of comparisons between AMS and current milking machines are made with respect to labor savings, quality parameters, udder health, herd behavior and mastitis detection and are summarized on the basis of relevant studies to show the benefits of the technological changes achieved by AMS. Finally, this review addresses several deficiencies in the technology and procedures of current AMS that need to be improved and also assesses recent advances in milking techniques with a particular focus on their potential for application in AMS.

关键词： automatic milking systems (AMS)     innovation     milking machine     practical effect     future prospects    

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AGRONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REINTRODUCING HERB- AND LEGUME-RICH MULTISPECIES LEYS INTO ARABLE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 245-271 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021439

摘要：

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent decline of mixed farming systems has led to an increase in continuous cropping with only a few fallow or break years, undermining global soil health. Arable-ley rotations incorporating temporary pastures (leys) lasting 1–4 years may alleviate soil degradation by building soil fertility and improving soil structure. However, the majority of previous research on arable-ley rotations has utilized either grass or grass-clover leys within ungrazed systems. Multispecies leys, containing a mix of grasses, legumes, and herbs, are rapidly gaining popularity due to their promotion in agri-environment schemes and potential to deliver greater ecosystem services than conventional grass or grass-clover leys. Livestock grazing in arable-ley rotations may increase the economic resilience of these systems, despite limited research of the effects of multispecies leys on ruminant health and greenhouse gas emissions. This review aims to evaluate previous research on multispecies leys, highlighting areas for future research and the potential benefits and disbenefits on soil quality and livestock productivity. The botanical composition of multispecies leys is crucial, as legumes, deep rooted perennial plants (e.g., Onobrychis viciifolia and Cichorium intybus) and herbs (e.g., Plantago lanceolata) can increase soil carbon, improve soil structure, reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements, and promote the recovery of soil fauna (e.g., earthworms) in degraded arable soils while delivering additional environmental benefits (e.g., biological nitrification inhibition and enteric methane reduction). Multispecies leys have the potential to deliver biologically driven regenerative agriculture, but more long-term research is needed to underpin evidence-based policy and farmer guidance.

关键词： bioactive forages / integrated crop-livestock systems / nitrogen cycling / plant secondary metabolites / soil carbon / soil quality    

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Primary health care for all by 2020: The systematic reform of the medical and health system in China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 3-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0024-7

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中国碳减排与空气质量改善及相关健康效益之间的协同效应 Article

王洁, 鲁玺, 杜鹏飞, 郑昊天, 董赵鑫, 尹自华, 邢佳, 王书肖, 郝吉明

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第20卷 第1期   页码 103-111 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.004

摘要：

协同治理被认为是中国应对气候变化和空气污染防治双重挑战的关键措施。但是，目前仍然没有一个指标能够全面评估协同效应，现有的研究缺乏一个一致的框架用于比较各研究间结果。为此，本研究对协同指标进行了定义，指标意义为单位GDP的污染物产生量变化所带来的减排效应。通过耦合迪氏指数分解分析方法（LMDI）、排放-浓度响应曲面模型（RSM）和全球暴露反应关系模型（GEMM）构建综合分析框架，用于评估中国碳减排对大气污染物减排和公众健康的协同效应。研究结果表明，协同效应对SO2、NOx和PM2.5（空气动力学直径不大于2.5 μm的主要颗粒物）的减排作用越来越重要。具体而言，协同控制对SO2、NOx和PM2.5的减排量从“十一五”时期（2006—2010 年）的3.1 Mt、1.4 Mt和0.3 Mt增加到“十二五”时期（2011—2015 年）的5.6 Mt、3.7 Mt和1.9 Mt。与无控情景相比，协同效应使得PM2.5年均浓度降低了15%，从而在2015 年避免了29 万例（95%置信区间：28~30）由PM2.5引起的额外死亡。协同控制对于空气质量改善和公众健康保护的效应在人口密集的我国发达东部省市更加显著。未来随着城市化和碳中和进程的推进，协同效应有望继续增强。发达地区提前实现气候目标将同时为空气质量和公众健康带来更大的协同效益。

关键词： 协同效应     指标     碳减排     空气污染控制     时空差异    

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The next step of community health construction: Training general practitioners and implementing health

Kan ZHANG MM, Wei DONG MM, Ying-Yao CHEN MD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 134-138 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0041-6

摘要： This article discusses the concept of health management and stresses that community health management should be the starting point of community health service, necessitating a paradigm shift from observing the treatment-oriented medical model to observing the prevention-and-health management-based medical model. Community health construction has entered a new phase, one which highlights the need to train general practitioners in practice-based life cycle health management. In addition, general practitioners should assume the mission of implementing community health management.

关键词： community health     general practitioners     health management    

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Integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass —A case study on the Sheyang Straw Power Plants

Xiaoshun LI , Futian QU , Dongmei JIANG , Peixin ZHU ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 348-353 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0026-3

摘要： Power generation using straw biomass has quantifiable benefits from an economic, ecological, and sociological perspective in China. The methods used to construct the assessment models of these integrated benefits were the revenue capitalization approach and the discounted-cash-flow approach. The results indicated that a straw power plant with the capacity of 2.50×10 W and burning 1.23×10 tons of cotton straw could annually supply 1.40×10 kWh of power. However, it would not be until six years later that these results could be measured. Over the long term, the gross benefits could reach up to 4.63×10 Yuan. Therefore, the total benefits are expected to be 1.18 × 10 Yuan if all available straw resources are used to generate power. The policy implication showed that the long-term integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass outweighed the short-term benefits. This is the main incentive to use straw biomass for power generation in the future.

关键词： straw biomass resources     power generation     renewable energy     Sheyang county    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

An assessment of the potential health benefits of realizing the goals for PM

Guoxia MA,Jinnan WANG,Fang YU,Yanshen ZHANG,Dong CAO

期刊论文

Development of an integrated policy making tool for assessing air quality and human health benefits of

Xuezhen QIU,Yun ZHU,Carey JANG,Che-Jen LIN,Shuxiao WANG,Joshua FU,Junping XIE,Jiandong WANG,Dian DING,Shicheng LONG

期刊论文

The impacts of economic restructuring and technology upgrade on air quality and human health in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

Chao Liu, Hancheng Dai, Lin Zhang, Changchun Feng

期刊论文

The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases

期刊论文

LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA

期刊论文

Cost-benefit analysis of China’s national air pollution control plan

Jing ZHANG, Hongqiang JIANG, Wei ZHANG, Guoxia MA, Yanchao WANG, Yaling LU, Xi HU, Jia ZHOU, Fei PENG, Jun BI, Jinnan WANG

期刊论文

Three potential benefits of the EU and IMO’s landmark efforts to monitor carbon dioxide emissions from

Shuaian WANG, Lu ZHEN, Harilaos N. PSARAFTIS

期刊论文

CHALLENGES PROVIDING MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGED SYSTEMS

期刊论文

Systematic literature review on smart contracts in the construction industry: Potentials, benefits, and

期刊论文

Innovation, practical benefits and prospects for the future development of automatic milking systems

Hongzhe JIANG,Wei WANG,Chunyang LI,Wei WANG

期刊论文

AGRONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REINTRODUCING HERB- AND LEGUME-RICH MULTISPECIES LEYS INTO ARABLE

期刊论文

Primary health care for all by 2020: The systematic reform of the medical and health system in China

期刊论文

中国碳减排与空气质量改善及相关健康效益之间的协同效应

王洁, 鲁玺, 杜鹏飞, 郑昊天, 董赵鑫, 尹自华, 邢佳, 王书肖, 郝吉明

期刊论文

The next step of community health construction: Training general practitioners and implementing health

Kan ZHANG MM, Wei DONG MM, Ying-Yao CHEN MD,

期刊论文

Integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass —A case study on the Sheyang Straw Power Plants

Xiaoshun LI , Futian QU , Dongmei JIANG , Peixin ZHU ,

期刊论文